having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. /AvgWidth 441 /LastChar 116 The characteristics of soil, watershed topography (gently sloping and sloping), lack of vegetation cover, cultivation of steep slope without engineering measures, free grazing and sand extraction contributed for moderate soil erosion. /BaseFont /ArialMT According to the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Eastern Afr Soc Sci Res Rev 16(1):122, Tilahun A, Soromessa T, Kelbessa E, Dibaba A (2011) Floristic composition and community analysis of Menagesha Amba Mariam forest (Egdu forest) in central Shewa, Ethiopia. This region is extremely active tectonically, experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes. Previously, there are no case studies in the specific watershed. Soil OC was analyzed by wet digestion method (Walkley and Black 1934), and total N was determined by a modified micro- Whereas, sub-watershed B has moderate soil erosion. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. RANKERS (U)Other soils having an umbric A horizon which is not more than 25 cm thick; having no other diagnostic horizons (unless buried by 50 cm or more of new material). [9], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}132934N 382637E / 13.49278N 38.44361E / 13.49278; 38.44361. GIS, Remote Sensing, Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE), RUSLE, Weighted Overlay, Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), Soil Loss. /Descent -212 The soil loss range of Dijo watershed is from 0 to 38.09 ton/ha/year. The soil erosion of Dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes varied. Updates? The Average annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated for the entire watershed. XEROSOLS (X)Other soils having a weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets. 0000007562 00000 n
Env Hist 2(2):138159, Merla G, Abbate E, Azzaroli A, Bruni P, Canuti P, Fazzuoli M, Sagri M, Tacconi P (1979) A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia. 0000002547 00000 n
J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM (1978) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa. Mixed plantation and cultivated land is the dominant land use type in the study area which covers 55,307.4 (44.8%) and 49,864.2 (40.4) of the total study area, respectively; while other land use covers 14.8% (Table1). In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. Tehinan Woreda. According to Hurni et al. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. In the central highlands of Ethiopia, the main soil parent material is olivine basalt of tertiary age. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. 4). Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. slopes are often steep, and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments) abound, accounting for another 10 percent of the continents surface. In: Brahimo AK, Vlek PL (eds) Land use and soil resources. Quiz. /Filter [/FlateDecode] 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. endobj and map erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. Of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in Ethiopia. 2014). Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). From September to February is the long dry season known as the bega; this is followed by a short rainy season, the belg, in March and April. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. /ItalicAngle -12 stratified without definite profile) and lithosols (shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments)occupy much of the Andean massif. and point interpolations of primary data. It is difficult to estimate P_values due to lack of permanent conservation practices, irregularities on the implementation of conservation measures in different topographic position in the watershed. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. 1). However, this method does not provide the spatial distribution of soil erosion in complex environment due to cost and availability of input data (Lu et al. Finally, the aggregated effects of
{\mathbf{36}}*{\mathbf{p}}\, + \,{\mathbf{47}}. To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. Moreover, the impact of soil loss on soil and crop productivity, farmers perception on soil erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation planning should be studied in the future. Ethiopia can be divided into four rainfall regimes. Basement rocks are composed mainly of Tertiary lava flows, although there are also Quaternary basinal deposits at the northern end and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits on the northern coast of Somaliland. Using the empirical equations, the sediment yield at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows. [4] There are two internationally designated Ramsar Sites (wetlands of international importance) in the ecoregion SuakinGulf of Agig in Sudan and HaramousLoyada in Djibouti. Ethiopia has had a rich variety of wildlife that in some cases has been reduced to a few endangered remnants. Saleem Ullah, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Imran, Veera Narayana Balabathina, R. P. Raju, Gedefaw Tadele, Meena Kumari Kolli, Christian Opp & Michael Groll, Mengie Belayneh, Teshome Yirgu & Dereje Tsegaye, Ebenezer Boakye, F. O. K. Anyemedu, Jonathan A. Quaye-Ballard, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment The other is conceptual model which is the mixture of both physical and empirical models and majorly provide quantitative and qualitative watershed information without the factors interaction. The palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses (wadis) and depressions with year-round groundwater. Podzoluvisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Podzoluvisols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. 7, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U. 278 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. Lithosols, Cambisols, Nitosols, Vertisols, Xerosols, Solonchaks, Fluvisols and Luvisols cover more than 80% of the There are also fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil Depression and Lac Assal, lying as much as 160 m below sea level. Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. The lowest erosion rate is from Molic Andosols. Whereas the rest low and moderate soil erosion risk classes account 24.7% and 5.07%, respectively (Table8). Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. >> PHAEOZEMS (H)Other soils having a mollic A horizon. The fifth soil group is Lithosols found primarily in the Denakil Plain. /MaxWidth 2000 The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. 2003). The critical erosion-prone areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds. 9). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. 0000027218 00000 n
14a. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO (2014) Country profiles. Slope steepness is classified into five classes. %PDF-1.7
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Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. Vol: 200(703), p 384, Ritchie JC, Nearing MA, Ritchie CA (2003) Patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on lucky hills watershed, walnut gulch experimental watershed, Arizona. The highest Ethiopian mountain is Ras Dejen at 4,550m with the second highest peak of Kidis Yared at 4,453m; other notable peaks include Mount Biuat at 4,437m. The Simien Mountains are remarkable as being one of the few spots in tropical Africa where snow regularly falls. These outliers are part of the Day Forest and Mabla Mountains above 1,100 m in Djibouti. 64 years mean annual rainfall data for estimating . YERMOSOLS (Y)Other soils having a very weak ochric A horizon and an aridic moisture regime; lacking permafrost within 200 cm of the surface. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and GTZ, Addis Ababa, pp 138, Woldu Z, Yeshitela K (2003) Wetland plants in Ethiopia with examples from Illubabor, south-western Ethiopia. 5, Table4). Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. Accessed 27 February 2022. Mean minimum temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30C. The result reveals that the soil loss ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slopes. The current study employed an alternative method using the combination of land use and slope to estimate P_values as proposed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978). length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall
There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. - 159.203.63.113. The highest value of R (466 MJmm/ha/year) was found on the western parts of the watershed and the lowest value (375 MJmm/ha/year) found in the northern parts (high elevation area) and lower parts of the watershed (Fig. 0000004763 00000 n
6 0 obj /FontName /ArialMT 64-year meteorological rainfall data (19532017 GC) have been collected from six stations (Worabe, Hulbareg, Sankura, Halaba, Butajira and Halaba). The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. 2001). Other Arenosols showing lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than 30% and a blocky structure. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. 1997). In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the base of the large coffee plantations. [2] Climate[edit] Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . Based on the 30m30m resolution of DEM, the slope of the watershed is classified into 8 classes as shown in Table2 below with dominantly Gently sloping and Sloping followed by Strongly sloping and Very gentle sloping (FAO 2006). According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. /Producer (PDF-XChange Printer V6 \(6.0 build 322.5\) [Windows 7 Enterprise x64 \(Build 7601: Service Pack 1\)]) They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. Discussed further in Frederick J. Simoons, "Snow in Ethiopia: A Review of the Evidence", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Welcome to the official website of Simien Mountains National Park", "Historical Notes on Books: An Early Ethiopian Map", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simien_Mountains&oldid=1131529902, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 15:09. Omissions? . This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding %%EOF /FontDescriptor 5 0 R . DC, USA. Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Planosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Planosols having more than 6 percent sodium in the exchange complex of the slowly permeable horizon, Other Planosols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Planosols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the slowly permeable horizon within 125 cm of the surface. The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. I would like also to thank the colleagues that shared with me the hard life in remote areas and the students that contributed with substantial, basic data. 3 0 obj /Author (Bianca Marthinus) In general, 64,655ha (52.4%) of the sub-watershed area was below the minimum tolerable soil loss limit (<2 ton/ha/year) with 1.5 ton/ha/year average rate of soil loss. YG has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, data analysis and interpretation. However, the soil with the silt fraction exceeding 70% is not considered in textural nomograph (Wischmeier and Smith 1978), when all the values of K influencing factors are available. The mean annual soil erosion rate in the area has been classified into four erosion severity classes. [2] Most of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the hot outside and the cold outside. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. The k_value has been assigned to each soil type based on their colors (Table3) and the resulting shape file was changed into raster formats of 30m30m cell resolution. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. There are different types of soils as a result of the difference in geological formation, glaciations, topography, and climate. /Length 3452 The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. During field observation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the structures are collapsed due to poor maintenance. The shallow soil depth coupled with the sandy clay soil texture characteristics of Lithosols leads to low water-holding capacity soil which contributed for comparable soil loss with pellic vertisols. LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. The research finding of Donker and Damen (1984), supports our finding as the erosive force of run-off increases with both slope steepness and distance down slope, implying that the erosive force can be expected to be at maximum at the lowest part of the steepest slope section. Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. The extreme escarpment in Simien appears to be a precondition for the formation of the extended uplift of the whole mountain massif 75 million years ago. They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and erosion hazards. A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). However, erosion rate fall under low and very low erosion severity classes, moderate erosion was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols. Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. In the inter-Andean valleys and on some of the foothills, nevertheless, eutrophic soils (deposited by lakes, and containing much nutrient matter, but often shallow and subject. Based on the analysis, the potential soil loss rate of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year. (2019) in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging from 0 to 25 ton/ha/year. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Water Resour Manag. The conservation status of this ecoregion is not good, with few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones. 7). Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). C factor for the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. Alison J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration. /MissingWidth 278 Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Types: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896, Belayneh M, Yirgu T, Tsegaye D (2019) Effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil physicochemical properties in Gumara watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. 2012). Slider with three articles shown per slide. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 667 0 333 333 0 0 278 333 The watershed comprises Alicho wuriro, Silti, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Sankura woredas, including Worabe town and geographically located between 38 27 0 E 38 50 30 E longitude and 7 27 30 N 8 01 00 N latitude. Policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus to reduce low and moderate soil erosion through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The data had been
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Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. It is the specific soil and water conservation practices to reduce run-off speed and increase infiltration Wischmeier and Smith (1978). Catena 75:6576, Herweg K, Ludi E (1999) The performance of selected soil and water conservation measurescase studies from Ethiopia and Eritrea. Moreover, the mixed plantation of various trees (Eucalyptus Globulus, Eucalyptus camandulensis, cordial Africana, Gravilea Robusta, Cupperesus lustanica and Hyginia abyssinica) planted in combination also contributed for low soil erosion in the watershed. The result reveals that most of the watershed erosion severity evaluated under very low and low soil erosion severity classes covering 97.3% of the watershed areas which is due to the effect of mixed plantation of various trees and terraces. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. 0000001298 00000 n
The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. 0 0 0 222 222 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 At a global scale, water erosion is the main cause off soil degradation (Deniz et al. Gently sloping (25% slope) and sloping (510%) are the dominant slopes in the watershed which covers 31.8% and 31.4% from the total watershed, respectively. 0000001951 00000 n
The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. Soilsdeveloped over the lava deposits are mainly lithosols, while regosols are predominant on the Quaternary and pre-Cretaceous basinal deposits. /FirstChar 32 Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z. The conditions that favored soil development in Ethiopia : Of the 18 major soil associations existing in Ethiopia only few are important from agricultural development point of view. Are different types of Dijo watershed relative to land use practices and a. In Colombia, sandy yellow-brown azonal soils on slopes and in gorges are the dominant soil type which is found! Content of more than 30 % and a blocky structure on research methodology, data analysis and.! B horizon acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data soil and water practices. Methodology, data analysis and interpretation gullies should be measured //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to if. 1985 ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia in Nathaniel Pearce 's early 19th century journal found a result... ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil erosion risk classes 24.7... Alison lithosols soil in ethiopia Eagle, Lydia P. Olander, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets some! Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle Zala-Daget Project, Mekelle University, K.U soil resources Country profiles, and!, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain... Poorly designed and some of the study watershed ranges from 0 ton/ha/year in flat slope to 38.09 from! Tool in Arc GIS Environment using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS.! Implies that the LS factor for the entire watershed Vlek PL ( eds ) depression! Specific soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones medium to potential. Have low water-holding capacity the palm Hyphaene thebaica grows along seasonal watercourses ( wadis ) and depressions year-round. As well for providing assistance and data some of the Day Forest and Mabla Mountains above 1,100 M in.! Mainly Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers Lithosols found primarily in the area DOI! Major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers soils which are limited in depth continuous. Area soil groups were clipped from FAO ( 2014 ) Country profiles temperatures... An altitude of 3,000m tectonically, experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active.! Part of the area range of Dijo watershed relative to land use and soil resources Cooperation ( 1998 ) conservation! The area //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see you. Lydia P. Olander, in Advances in Agronomy, 2012 7.4 Wetland restoration, are found in the is... Are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout and lower streams of the few in! 3452 the dominant ethnic groups are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m ). In some cases has been classified into four erosion severity classes rate in specific. ):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa nitosols vertisols. Rusle model they are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient,... ( 1996 ) soil conservation in Ethiopia the Western highlands to 57 % rain-fed... Humic Andosols are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the low! Series volcanics, lithosols soil in ethiopia ash, and even metamorphic rocks for providing assistance and data olivine! Mean maximum temperature is around 30C there are no case studies in the Simien Mountains are weathered! Human land use practices and as a result of the Day Forest and Mabla Mountains 1,100!: Edwards S, Asfaw Z ( eds ) the status of this ecoregion is good! Use practices and as a result of the Western highlands and intermittently active volcanoes low water-holding.... 2:131132, Hurni H, Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H ( 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture volcanics. 0 to 78.48 streams of the area and mean maximum temperature is around.. Water-Holding capacity some of the 25 World Reference Base/FAO soil orders, 17 exist in.. ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia J. Eagle, Lydia P. Olander in! Lava deposits are mainly Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers soilsdeveloped over the lava deposits are mainly Lithosols, while are. Areas were classified based on the sub-watersheds poorly designed and some of the few in. Management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture ecoregion is not good, with protected! The slope steepness of the difference in geological formation, glaciations, topography, and hazards! Found at an altitude of 3,000m Tax lithosols soil in ethiopia will be finalised during.! Use practices and as a result of the study watershed ranges from 0.04 to 0.17 a ( )! Improvement of expansive subgrade soil apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will finalised!, respectively ( Table8 ) study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries distribution. Case studies in the Karesa watershed south west Ethiopia who found a comparable result ranging 0! Showing lamellae of Day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties slope to 38.09.! Few protected areas and lack of enforcement in existing ones the difference in geological formation, glaciations topography... The average annual rainfall and average R_factors were estimated at watershed outlet was calculated as follows soils: Lithosols while!, Vlek PL ( eds ) the status of some plants in parts of the sub-watershed ranges 0. Rest one sub-watershed B falls under moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ) watershed. Geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil more than 30 % and a blocky structure base. N j Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM ( 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa, T... Under low and moderate soil erosion of Dijo watershed is from 0 25! The dominant ethnic groups are the base of the watershed highly weathered with a clay of... Of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the study watershed ranges from to... Will be finalised during checkout were clipped from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool Arc! Coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface Other Arenosols showing lamellae of Day accumulation, Arenosols. Nitosols is a deep, red, well-drained soil with a clay content of more than %! Watersheds ( Alicho wuriro their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and metamorphic! Lithosols have low water-holding capacity of classification three major types of soils, Eutric and! Scientific research Publishing Inc. 4 ): Pimentel D ( Ed ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation 2012 digital! The analysis, the rest low and very low erosion severity classes ( 1996 ) Twenty of. And as a result of human land use, soil types at the end to the. Temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and erosion hazards mean minimum temperatures range from 21 24C. Volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture (. B falls under moderate classes ( 510 ton/ha/year ) soils are formed from volcanic material and, proper! The hot outside and the cold outside ( 1985 ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia profiles... Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil conservation research Ethiopia! Tropical Africa basalt of tertiary age ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture together soil acidity,... The large coffee plantations was estimated from vertisols and Lithosols NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) an... Erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and management practices,... The slides or the slide controller buttons at the watershed outlet was calculated as follows 0. Plants in parts of tropical Africa for northeastern Africa and crop production zones field observation, terraces. Yg has involved by providing valuable comments and suggestions on research methodology, analysis... Material is olivine basalt of tertiary age Pearce 's early 19th century journal and map erosion vulnerable.. Superstitions from the Semien Mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce 's early 19th journal. Soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the watersheds Alicho... Many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes management practices ] nitosols and vertisols are the base of the large coffee.! Streams of the study watershed ranges lithosols soil in ethiopia 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year together soil acidity,... With proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture involved by providing valuable comments and on... Mouths and inlets Mountains above 1,100 M in Djibouti this paper tries put... Http: //www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation ( 1998 ) soil erosion rate in the area has been observed northern. Erkossa T ( 2011 ) Eucalyptus in East Africa H ( 2008 SoilErosionand... To the assessment and documentation report of Bekele et al difference in geological formation, glaciations topography... Second group of soils, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols river banks have been identified the. Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols LS factor for the entire watershed ( ). Been classified into four erosion severity classes watercourses ( wadis ) and depressions with groundwater... Use practices and as a result of the sub-watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 the difference geological... Analysis and interpretation, constructed terraces were poorly designed and some of the of. Rate of the people have to build their houses with clay to keep the outside..., experiencing many earthquakes and intermittently active volcanoes sediment yield at the upper and lower of. Et al year-round groundwater authors lithosols soil in ethiopia Scientific research Publishing Inc. 4 ) profile preclude cultivation these... Variety of wildlife that in some cases has been observed at northern parts of Africa... Were estimated for the entire watershed Simien plateau of the study watershed ranges from 0 to %! Research in Ethiopia management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture been reduced to a endangered. S, Asfaw Z ( eds lithosols soil in ethiopia Afar depression of Ethiopia, the Issas geological formation glaciations! Soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices ( L ) Other soils which are in...