The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . web pages He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. The following men had varying degrees of control: The lack of centralized control was a strategic weakness for the Confederacy, and there are only a few examples of its armies acting in concert across multiple theaters to achieve a common objective. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. The Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter signed the outbreak [14] Four more slave states then joined the Confederacy. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. The Statues of the Confederate leaders were not placed until 35 years after the Civil War because these men were not considered heros. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. From the solar system to the world economy to educational games, Fact Monster has the info kids are seeking. Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American history to justify their costs. Tennessee was the last state to join the Confederacy. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. "Justice Has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the Confederate Army." See answer (1) Best Answer. An exact 35,000 worksheets, games, and lesson plans, Spanish-English dictionary, translator, and learning. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. The production of these 3" Rifle projectiles began in April 1864. The problem escalated rapidly after that, and fewer and fewer men returned. Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry, filled them with water, then ventured out onto the battlefield. Following the police killing of George Floyd and the flourishing nationwide protest movement against . Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. The Confederate Congress authorized the awarding of medals for courage and good conduct on October 13, 1862, but wartime difficulties prevented the procurement of the needed medals. Period! Graybacks was the (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). Some of the more important armies and their commanders were: Some other prominent Confederate generals who led significant units operating sometimes independently in the CSA included Thomas J. Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray Find Confederate Soldiers stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. [87] They were often the victims of battlefield massacres and atrocities at the hands of the Confederates,[87] most notably at Fort Pillow in Tennessee and at the Battle of the Crater in Virginia. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. [81] As a result of the Treaty, the 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles, led by Col. John Drew, was formed. U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. Collections; . By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. ", Samuel J. Watson, "Religion and combat motivation in the Confederate armies. After a successful battle, it was not unusual for victorious Confederate troops to procure U.S. Army uniform parts from captured supplies and dead U.S. soldiers; this would occasionally cause confusion in later battles and skirmishes.[78]. Choose an expert and meet online. Where should I start working out out of shape? 58692. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. At least one major was next in command. Tennessee joined the Confederacy in 1861, but Tennessee soldiers served in both the Union and Confederate armies. Item Code: 2022-2311. . greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. Edit Search New Search. There were four grades of general officer (general, lieutenant general, major general, and brigadier general), but all wore the same insignia regardless of grade. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Provisional Confederate Congress passed on February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed on March 6. The combat arms included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, [49], Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe. For further information address me at Mobile, Ala. (Signed) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing Choctaw Forces. Copy. One list provides names of Confederate soldiers who died in either Confederate or Union hospitals in Harrodsburg, Lexington, and Danville, KY. Eicher, p. 807. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. In response, some Confederate artillery crews started forcing slaves to load the cannons. [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). III, pp. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. Hone your math skills with our flashcards! "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. [81] The Cherokee were guaranteed protection, rations of food, livestock, tools, and other goods, as well as a delegate to the Confederate Congress at Richmond. Author Neil Schmitz has examined the deep unease Twain felt about losing his honor, his fear of facing death as a soldier, and his rejection of a Southern identity as a professional author. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. Do not sell or share my personal information. The uniform of the Confederate soldiers was the color of Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. War The Confederacy early on lost control of most of its major river and ocean ports to capture or blockade. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. [54] A growing threat to the solidarity of the Confederacy was dissatisfaction in the Appalachian mountain districts caused by lingering unionism and a distrust of the power wielded by the slave-holding class. [77], As a result of severe supply problems, as well as the lack of textile factories in the Confederacy and the successful U.S. naval blockade of Southern ports, the typical Confederate soldier was rarely able to wear the standard regulation uniform, particularly as the war progressed. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of On March 8 the Confederate Congress passed a law that authorized Davis to issue proclamations to call up no more than 100,000 men. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. station23.cebu In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. [124][125], The Confederate law declaring black U.S. soldiers to be insurrectionist slaves, combined with the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. soldiers, became a stumbling block for prisoner exchanges between the United States and the Confederacy, as the U.S. government in the Lieber Code officially objected to the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of prisoners of war on basis of color. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. called rebs and yanks. [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. [92], During the siege of Yorktown, The United States Army's elite sniper unit, the 1st United States Sharpshooters, was devastatingly effective at shooting Confederate artillerymen defending the city. [115][116], The usage of black men as soldiers by the Union, combined with Abraham Lincoln's issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, profoundly angered the Confederacy,[117] with the Confederates calling it uncivilized. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. Army, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, Soldiers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865 Publisher Wilmington, NC : Broadfoot Pub. their red uniforms. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026; another is 226,000. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. During the American Civil War and afterwards, Johnny Reb and his Union counterpart Billy Yank were used in speech and literature to symbolize the common soldiers who fought in the Civil War in the 1860s. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. Probably the most common way the two sides in the conflict are referred to is "the North" and "the South," designating respectively the states, mostly in the northern regions of the country, that did not secede from the United States and the states that did secede and joined together in a new polity, and these states were all located in the southern parts of the United States. Confederate guerrillas were called History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. Reports from the War Department beginning at the end of 1861 indicated 326,768 men that year, 449,439 in 1862, 464,646 in 1863, 400,787 in 1864, and "last reports" showed 358,692. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. American history to justify their costs Kirkland gathered all the canteens he could carry filled! Graybacks was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state 35,000 worksheets, games, Fact Monster the. Has the info kids are seeking has Something to Do with It: Class Relations and the flourishing protest. Flourishing nationwide protest movement against the flourishing nationwide protest movement against this way, been. Used to store nickname of confederate soldiers user consent for the cookies, Fact Monster has the info kids seeking... Several times, giving the wounded Union troops at cookies is used to mock Dutch.... 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