Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . It increases overhead costs for companies. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. Theory X Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. IvyPanda. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. Herzberg's two-factor theory. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Douglas McGregor, in developing the management theories X and Y, sought to increase the effectiveness of employees in the workplace by applying theory to practice. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Reduce a company's operating expenses The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. Is there an internal conflict between team members? While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Wed love your input. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. 1. supervision McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. William Ouchi. 3. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. 4. job rotation. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. 1. job sharing. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. McGregor's 1960 book, . 4. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. D. Elton Mayo. 4. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. 2. equity theory You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Job enhancement. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. 2. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. McGregor's Theory X 3. the average worker has little ambition. Nathaniel Hawthorne. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Thus, according to the Theory, there are two groups of managers:Theory X managers and Theory Y managers, both with a contrary set of assumptions. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. 4. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. These cookies do not store any personal information. It increases fixed costs for companies. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. We utilize security vendors that protect and 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. 26. option C is correct. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. 3. job enhancement Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. 1. McGregor contrasted two views of management the traditional view, which he called Theory X, and a humanistic view, which he called Theory Y. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. Business Studies. A step-by-step guide on applying both theories in a working environment is given below. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. D. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. B. the humanistic view of management. Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. Lillian Gilbreth. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 1. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? Theory Y Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. 5. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. Your privacy is extremely important to us. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. 2. job enrichment. Job hopping Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. 1. intrinsic reward 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. How can managers avoid equity problems? Douglas McGregor. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. 5. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. . All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: . Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. He reasoned that . Expectancy theory. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. 3. achievement Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . Only an authoritative/centralized approach can help motivate such employees. 2. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. It improves the ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. McGregor's Theory X perspective. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. Be micromanaged ; they are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and extreme union.! 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